2000 BC: Multiplication tables in Babylon.2000 BC: Pythagorean triples are first discussed in Babylon and Egypt, and appear on later manuscripts such as the Berlin Papyrus 6619. 2100 BC: Quadratic equations, in the form of problems relating the areas and sides of rectangles, are solved by Babylonians.in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a copy of an older Middle Kingdom text) for the construction of pyramids, paving the way for the field of trigonometry. Early 2nd millennium BC: Similar triangles and side-ratios are studied in Egypt (e.g.2100 BC: The concept of area is first recognised in Babylonian clay tablets, and 3-dimensional volume is discussed in an Egyptian papyrus.1800 BC: Fractions were first studied by the Egyptians in their study of Egyptian fractions.The Indus Valley may have been the major innovator on this, as the first measurement devices were invented in Lothal in Gujarat, India. 2600 BC) excavated, though earlier usage has been proposed. The oldest attested evidence for the existence of units of weight, and weighing scales date to the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, with Deben (unit) balance weights, from the reign of Sneferu (c.2650 BCE, Sumerian city, Nippur (present day Iraq), cubit-rod ruler. The oldest extant record of a unit of length, being the c.Around 3000 BC: Units of measurement are developed in the Americas as well as the major Bronze Age civilisations: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Elam and the Indus Valley.2650 BCE, in the Archeological Museum of Istanbul, Turkey Mathematics Numbers, measurement and arithmetic The Nippur cubit-rod, c. It is to be noted that the Indus Valley script remains undeciphered and there are very little surviving fragments of its writing, thus any inference about scientific discoveries in the region must be made based only on archaeological digs. For context, the major civilizations of this period are Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley, with Greece rising in importance towards the end of the third millennium BC. Many early innovations of the Bronze Age were prompted by the increase in trade, and this also applies to the scientific advances of this period. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions, the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless they reveal a more fundamental leap in the theoretical ideas in a field. The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. This article discounts mere speculation as discovery, although imperfect reasoned arguments, arguments based on elegance/simplicity, and numerically/experimentally verified conjectures qualify (as otherwise no scientific discovery before the late 19th century would count). The timeline below shows the date of publication of possible major scientific breakthroughs, theories and discoveries, along with the discoverer.
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